Are Dividends Considered a Company Expense? (2024)

Cash or stock dividends distributed to shareholders are not recorded as an expense on a company's income statement. Stock and cash dividends do not affect a company's net income or profit. Instead, dividends impact the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet. Dividends, whether cash or stock, represent a reward to investors for their investment in the company.

While cash dividends reduce the overall shareholders' equity balance, stock dividends represent a reallocation of part of a company's retained earnings to the common stock and additional paid-in capital accounts.

Key Takeaways

  • Cash or stock dividends distributed to shareholders are not recorded as an expense on a company's income statement.
  • Cash dividends are cash outflows to a company's shareholders and are recorded as a reduction in the cash and retained earnings accounts.
  • Stock dividends reallocate part of a company's retained earnings to its common stock and additional paid-in capital accounts.

Understanding Why Dividends are not Expenses

A cash dividend is a sum of money paid by a company to a shareholder out of its profits or reserves called retained earnings. Each quarter, companies retain or accumulate their profits in retained earnings, which is essentially a savings account. Retained earnings is located on the balance sheet in the shareholders' equity section. The cash within retained earnings can be used for investing in the company, repurchase shares of stock, or pay dividends.

The cost of dividends is not included in the company's income statement because they're not an operating expense, which are the costs to run the day-to-day business. A company's dividend policy can be reversed at any time and that, too, will not show up on its financial statements.

Cash Dividends Accounting

Cash dividends represent a company's outflow that goes to its shareholders and increases the shareholders' net worth. Dividend payment is recorded through a reduction in the company's cash and retained earnings accounts as a liability.

See Also
Dividends

Because cash dividends are not a company's expense, they show up as a reduction in the company's statement of changes in shareholders' equity. Cash dividends reduce the size of a company's balance sheet, and its value since the company no longer retains part of its liquid assets.

However, cash dividends also impact a company's cash flow statement. Cash flow refers to the inflows or increases as well as the outflows or reductions in cash. Cash dividends impact the financing activities section of the cash flow statement by showing a reduction in cash for the period. In other words, although cash dividends are not an expense, they reduce a company's cash position.

Stock Dividends Accounting

A stock dividend is an award to shareholders of additional shares rather than cash. Similarly, stock dividends do not represent a cash flow transaction and are not considered an expense.

Companies distribute stock dividends to their shareholders in a certain proportion to their common shares outstanding. Stock dividends reallocate part of a company's retained earnings to its common stock and additional paid-in capital accounts. Therefore, they do not affect the overall size of a company's balance sheet.

How Dividends Are Paid

Whether paid in cash or in stock, dividends generally are announced, or "declared," by a company and are then paid out on a quarterly basis at a specified date. Investors are paid in proportion to their holdings. For example, a company might pay a dividend of .25 cents per share, payable 60 days from the date of the announcement.

A company's history of dividends is an important factor in many investors' decision-making process. Dividends tend to be most prized by relatively conservative investors who buy stocks for the long term, and by investors who value the regular income they provide. Dividend-yielding stocks are a component of most portfolios recommended by professional financial advisers.

As noted, there is never a guarantee that a dividend will be paid each year. However, some companies have earned boasting rights over their history of dividend payments. Coca-Cola, for example, notes on its website that it has paid a quarterly dividend since 1955 and that its annual dividend has increased in each of the last 58 years.

Are Dividends Considered a Company Expense? (2024)

FAQs

Are dividends considered a company expense? ›

Cash or stock dividends distributed to shareholders are not recorded as an expense on a company's income statement. Stock and cash dividends do not affect a company's net income or profit. Instead, dividends impact the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet.

Are dividends expenses True or false? ›

False. Dividends are distributions of earnings in the past and are not expenses. decreasing retained earnings and increasing paid-in capital by an equal amount.

How do you record dividend expenses? ›

To record a dividend, a reporting entity should debit retained earnings (or any other appropriate capital account from which the dividend will be paid) and credit dividends payable on the declaration date.

How are dividends treated in accounting? ›

Dividends can be accounted for using either accrual or cash flow methods depending on the company's financial activity during a specific period. The accrual method considers regular payments made by the company (regardless of whether shareholders have received them or not).

Why are dividends not considered expenses? ›

Dividends are not considered an expense, because they are a distribution of a firm's accumulated earnings. For this reason, dividends never appear on an issuing entity's income statement as an expense. Instead, dividends are treated as a distribution of the equity of a business back to its shareholders.

Why can dividends be an expense? ›

Dividends can be considered an operating expense, as they are paid out of the company's profits. This is the most common way to categorize dividends, and is typically used by businesses that have a large number of shareholders.

What type of expense is dividends paid? ›

Dividends Payable is classified as a current liability on the balance sheet, since the expense represents declared payments to shareholders that are generally fulfilled within one year.

Is dividend a capital or expense? ›

A dividend is neither an income nor an expense for a company. Dividends do not impact a company's income or expenses in its financial statements. Dividends come out of shareholders' equity. Cash dividends reduce shareholders' equity.

Are dividends an expense for tax purposes? ›

A dividend is a disbursem*nt of a company's earnings to its shareholders or investors, usually in the form of cash. Because dividends represent a portion of net income, they are considered taxable as income from the company, and have a more favorable dividend tax rate to individuals.

Are dividends a deductible expense? ›

C corporations pay tax on their annual earnings and then if the earnings are distributed to shareholders as dividends, the earnings are taxed again at the shareholder level. Corporations are not able to deduct amounts paid as dividends to shareholders.

Do dividends go through the P&L? ›

The salaries/remunerations account is considered a company expense and as such featured on the P&L. Whereas the Dividends account is considered as an Equity account, therefore, being featured on the Balance Sheet. SOCE = Statement of Changes in Equity.

Where does dividend expense go on balance sheet? ›

Balance Sheet: Dividends paid reduce the “Retained Earnings” account under the “Equity” section. When dividends are declared but not yet paid, they may appear as a “Dividends Payable” under “Current Liabilities.”

Where are dividends recorded in accounting? ›

Dividends are not reported on the income statement. They would be found in a statement of retained earnings or statement of stockholders' equity once declared and in a statement of cash flows when paid.

How do you treat dividends paid in financial statements? ›

After declared dividends are paid, the dividend payable is reversed and no longer appears on the liability side of the balance sheet. When dividends are paid, the impact on the balance sheet is a decrease in the company's dividends payable and cash balance. As a result, the balance sheet size is reduced.

How are dividends treated for tax purposes? ›

They're taxable as ordinary income unless they're qualified dividends. Qualified dividends are dividends taxed at the lower rates that apply to net long-term capital gains. Qualified dividends must meet be: Distributed by a U.S. company or a qualifying foreign company, and.

Are dividends a deductible business expense? ›

Profit is simply the company's revenue minus its expenses. Dividends, however, are not a business expense, meaning you can't deduct them on your corporate income tax return.

How are dividends shown on company accounts? ›

Investors can view the total amount of dividends paid for the reporting period in the financing section of the statement of cash flows. The cash flow statement shows how much cash is entering or leaving a company. In the case of dividends paid, it would be listed as a use of cash for the period.

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